Sand's account dissects the concept of "historical right" and tracks the creation of the modern concept of the "Land of Israel" by nineteenth-century Evangelical Protestants and Jewish Zionists. Yael Lotan. New York: Verso, pp, d pbk. In the s, many pro-Westernisation Jews argued that the Jews were a people volk , but not a nation. Guardian readers who happen to be Jewish should brace themselves for the third volume: The Invention of the Secular Jew.
All this takes considerable chutzpah. When it is mentioned, it does not include Jerusalem, Hebron, or Bethlehem. Biblical "Israel" is only northern Israel Samaria and there never was a united kingdom including both ancient Judea and Samaria. Even had such a kingdom ever existed and been promised by God to the Jews, it is hardly a clinching argument for claiming statehood after more than 2, years.
It is an irony of history that so many past Zionists, most of whom were secular Jews, often socialist, used religious arguments to buttress their case. Besides, the biblical account makes it quite clear insofar as such accounts are ever clear that the Jews, led by Moses and then by Joshua, were colonisers themselves and were commanded by God to exterminate "anything that breathes". If they did, this is what Deuteronomy 20 has to say: "Put to the sword all the men As for the women, the children, the livestock and everything else The uncertainty as to what exactly constitutes the "Land of Israel" endures to this day.
There is an internationally recognised state of Israel with clearly defined boundaries the Green Line of , itself the result of the enlargement following the war and then there is the "Land of Israel" whose boundaries depend on who is talking: for some, it includes the whole of the West Bank, for others it extends to Jordan.
It could be worse: God promised Abraham and his descendants "this land, from the river of Egypt unto the Euphrates", which would include also bits of Turkey, Syria and Iraq. In traditional Judaism there is no injunction to "return" to the "land of Israel". The ritual "next year in Jerusalem" that is part of the Passover Seder prayer was never a call to action, or to reconstitute a state. By the 19th century, those who wanted Jews to "return" to the Holy Land were more likely to be Christian Zionists than Jews.
Lord Shaftesbury, a compassionate Tory who contributed to improving the conditions of lunatics in asylums and children in factories The Ten Hours Act, , agitated endlessly for promoting a Jewish presence in Palestine. Sand describes him as an Anglican Theodor Herzl before Herzl; and with reason, since Shaftesbury appears to have even coined the famous line: "A country without a nation for a nation without a country.
Lord Palmerston, on the Liberal side, warmed to the idea, not because he cared in the slightest about Jews or Christians , but because he thought that British Jews colonising a part of the Ottoman Empire would increase British influence.
At the time, few Jews were Zionists. Visit the web site to browse or download additional material for church or personal use. They represent hundreds and hundreds of hours of study, and their presentation to the Christians here in our churches in Ireland. With that aim in mind, I have created a five week Bible Study through Psalm.
A large part of Judea was included in the Jordanian West Bank between and i. The name Judea is a Greek and Roman adaptation of the name " Judah ", which originally encompassed the territory of the Israelite tribe of that name and later of the ancient Kingdom of Judah.
Nimrud Tablet K. Judea was sometimes used as the name for the entire region, including parts beyond the river Jordan. For example, the borders of the two states to be established according to the UN's partition scheme [9] were officially described using the terms "Judea" and "Samaria" and in its reports to the League of Nations Mandatory Committee, as in , the geographical terms employed were "Samaria and Judea". They had no common language, since Hebrew was used only for prayer and was not even spoken at the time of Jesus.
Yiddish was, at most, the language of Ashkenazi Jews. So what is left to unite them? But religion does not make a people — think of Muslims and Catholics.
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